Misinnervation in third nerve palsy: Vertical synergistic divergence

Traumatic third nerve palsy.

Twenty patients with a traumatic third nerve palsy had sustained a closed head injury with prolonged loss of consciousness in a high-speed deceleration accident. Sixteen were male, and the average age was 25 years. Seven had skull or facial fractures, 15 damage to the anterior visual pathways, and 16 other permanent neurological damage. Nineteen developed the misdirection/regeneration syndrome....

Synergistic convergence in congenital extraocular muscle misinnervation.

S ynergistic divergence is a well-established clinical condition in which abduction arises on attempted adduction, leading to simultaneous abduction of both eyes on lateral gaze. Synergistic divergence can occur as an extreme form of Duane syndrome, where most if not all oculomotor nerve branch fibers originally directed to the medial rectus muscle innervate the lateral rectus muscle. Synergist...

Infliximab-associated third nerve palsy.

traoperatively. No attempt was made to drain the subretinal fluid, and no laser photocoagulation was performed. No retinal breaks were identified. The vitreous cavity was filled with 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas and the patient maintained face-down positioning for 1 week. One week postoperatively, the retinal detachment had resolved, and the visual acuity improved to 20/ 200 OD. At the 1 month v...

Painful third nerve palsy in MS.

Surgical management of third nerve palsy

Third nerve paralysis has been known to be associated with a wide spectrum of presentation and other associated factors such as the presence of ptosis, pupillary involvement, amblyopia, aberrant regeneration, poor bell's phenomenon, superior oblique (SO) overaction, and lateral rectus (LR) contracture. Correction of strabismus due to third nerve palsy can be complex as four out of the six extra...